Game officials have been quite the topic of discussion lately, what with the former N.B.A. referee
Tim Donaghy pleading guilty Wednesday to two felony charges pertaining to gambling. But as salacious as explicit association with bettors has been, it was implicit association — the tendency for people in split-second interactions to favor members of their own race — that drew the attention of some prominent economists.
The day before Donaghy’s plea, four academics released a study that found that Major League Baseball umpires called strikes at different rates depending on a pitcher’s ethnicity. Specifically, an umpire will — with all other matters such as game score and pitcher quality accounted for — call a pitch a strike about 1 percent more often if he and the pitcher are of the same race.
The analysis was conducted by Christopher A. Parsons, an assistant professor of finance at McGill University; Johan Sulaeman, a graduate student at the
University of Texas; Michael C. Yates, an assistant professor of finance at
Auburn University; and Daniel S. Hamermesh, a professor of economics at the University of Texas. Their work was spurred by the release of a similar paper in May, in which an
Ivy League professor and graduate student found that primarily white N.B.A. refereeing crews whistled fouls (again, all else being equal) more frequently against black players than against white players.
A Finding of Umpire Bias Is Small but Still Striking - New York Times